The passage contains the following question types from IELTS Reading Question Types:
- Matching headings
- Multiple Choice Question
- True False Not Given
THE FLAVOUR INDUSTRY
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-11, which are based on Reading Passage below.
A. Read through the nutritional information on the food in your freezer, refrigerator or kitchen pantry, and you are likely to find a simple, innocuous-looking ingredient recurring on a number of products: “natural flavour”. The story of what natural flavour is, how it got into your food, and where it came from is the result of more complex processes than you might imagine.
B. During the 1980s, health watchdogs and nutritionists began turning their attention to cholesterol, a waxy steroid metabolite that we mainly consume from animal-sourced products such as cheese, egg yolks, beef, poultry, shrimp, and pork. Nutritionists blamed cholesterol for contributing to the growing rates of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and several cancers in Western societies. As extensive recognition of the matter grew amongst the common people, McDonalds stopped cooking their french fries in a mixture of cottonseed oil and beef tallow, and in 1990, the restaurant chain began using 100% vegetable oil instead.
C. This substantially lowered the amount of cholesterol in McDonalds’ fries, but it created a new dilemma The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol content, but it also gifted them with a rich aroma and “mouth-feel” that even James Beard, an American food critic, admitted he enjoyed. Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison. Looking at the current ingredients’ list of McDonalds’ French fries, however, it is easy to see how they overcame this predicament Aside from a few preservatives, there are essentially three main ingredients: potato, soybean oil, and the mysterious component of “natural flavour”.
D. Natural flavour also entered our diet through the rise in processed foods, which now make up over 90% (and growing) of the American diet, as well as representing a burgeoning industry in developing countries such as China and India Processed foods are essentially any foods that have been boxed, bagged, canned or packaged, and have a list of ingredients on the label. Sometimes, the processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives. Often, however, it is coloured, bleached, stabilized, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed, and sweetened. This process typically saps any original flavour out of the product, and so, of course, flavour must be added back in as well.
E. Often this is “natural flavour”, but while the term may bring to mind images of fresh barley, hand-ground spices, and dried herbs being traded in a bustling street market, most of these natural sources are, in fact, engineered to culinary perfection in a set of factories and plants off the New Jersey Turnpike outside of New York. Here, firms such as International Flavors & Fragrances, Harmen & Keimer, Flavor Dynamics, Frutarom and Elan Chemical isolate and manufacture the tastes that are incorporated in much of what we eat and drink. The sweet, summery burst of naturally squeezed orange juice, the wood-smoked aroma in barbeque sauces, and the creamy, buttery, fresh taste in many dairy products do not come from sundrenched meadows or backyard grills but are formed in the labs and test tubes of these flavour industry giants.
F. The scientists – dubbed “flavourists” who create the potent chemicals that set our olfactory senses to overdrive use a mix of techniques that have been refined over many years. Part of it is dense, intricate chemistry: spectrometers, gas chromatographs, and headspace-vapour analysers can break down components of a flavour in amounts as minute as one part per billion. Not to be outdone, however, the human nose can isolate aromas down to three parts per trillion. Flavourists, therefore, consider their work as much an art as a science, and flavourism requires a nose “trained” with a delicate and poetic sense of balance.
G. Should we be wary of the industrialisation of natural flavour? On its own, the trend may not present any clear reason for alarm. Nutritionists widely agree that the real assault on health in the last few decades stems from an “unholy trinity” of sugar, fat, and sodium in processed foods. Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural flavour industry should not be considered the culprit, we might think of it as a willing accomplice.
Questions 1-8:
Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter. A-G, in boxes 1-8on your answer sheet
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1) examples of companies that create natural flavours
2) an instance of a multinational franchise responding to public pressure
3) a statement on the health effects of natural flavours
4) an instance where a solution turns into a problem
5) a place in the home where one may encounter the term “natural flavour”
6) details about die transformation that takes place in processed grocery items
7) a comparison of personal and technological abilities in flavour detection
8) examples of diet-related health conditions
Questions 9-12:
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In boxes 9-13on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts with the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
9) On their own, vegetable oils do not have a strong flavour.
10) Soybean oil is lower in cholesterol than cottonseed oil.
11) Processed foods are becoming more popular in some Asian countries.
12) All food processing involves the use of natural flavours.
Question 13:
Choose the correct letter. A, B.C, or D.
Write the correct letter in box 26 on your answer sheet
13) The writer of Reading Passage concludes that natural flavours …………………..
A. are the major cause of dietary health problems.
B. are unhealthy, but not as had as sugar, fat, and sodium.
C. have health benefits that other ingredients tend to cancel out.
.D help make unhealthy foods taste better.
Answers for IELTS Reading Sample Question
Question 1 – 11
1) E
sources arc, in fact, engineered to culinary perfection in a set of factories and plants off the New Jersey Turnpike outside of New York. Here, firms such as International Flavors & Fragrances, Harmen & Reimer, Flavor Dynamics, Frutarom and Elan Chemical isolate and manufacture the
2) B
societies. As extensive recognition of the matter grew amongst the common people, McDonalds stopped cooking their French fries in a mixture of cottonseed oil and beef tallow, and in 1990, the restaurant chain began using 100% vegetable oil….
3) G
Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural flavour industry should not be considered the culprit, we might think of it as a willing accomplice…
4) C
C This substantially lowered the amount of cholesterol in McDonalds’ fries, but it created a new dilemma. The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol content, but it also gifted them with a rich aroma and “mouth-feel” that even James Beard, an American food critic, admitted he enjoyed. Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison….
5) A
A Read through the nutritional information on the food in your freezer, refrigerator or kitchen pantry, and you are likely to find a simple, innocuous-looking ingredient recurring on a number of…
6) D
been boxed, bagged, canned or packaged, and have a list of ingredients on the label. Sometimes, the processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives. Often, however, it is coloured, bleached, stabilised, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed, and sweetened This
7) F
dense, intricate chemistry: spectrometers, gas chromatographs, and headspace-vapour analysers can break down components of a flavour in amounts as minute as one part per billion. Not to be outdone, however, the human nose can isolate aromas down to three parts per trillion. Flavourists,
8) B
as cheese, egg yolks, beef, poultry, shrimp, and pork. Nutritionists blamed cholesterol for con- tributing to the growing rates of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and several cancers in Western
9) TRUE
Paragraph C – Line 4
food critic, admitted he enjoyed Pure vegetable oil is bland in comparison. Looking at the current
10) NOT GIVEN
Paragraph C – Line 2:
dilemma The beef tallow and cottonseed oil mixture gave the French fries high cholesterol content,…
11) Paragraph C – Line 6
predicament Aside from a few preservatives, there are essentially three main ingredients: potato, soybean oil, and the mysterious component of “natural flavour”. The text mentions of soybean oil but doesn’t state clearly about whether it is low or high in cholesterol.
12) TRUE
Paragraph D – Line 2, 3
over 90% (and growing) of the American diet, as well as representing a burgeoning industry in developing countries such as China and India. Processed foods are essentially any foods that have….
Paragraph D – Line 5,6,7
processing involves adding a little sodium or sugar, and a few preservatives. Often, however, it is coloured, bleached, stabilised, emulsified, dehydrated, odour-concealed, and sweetened This process typically saps any original flavour out of the product, and so, of course, flavour must be…
13) Paragraph G – Line 4, 5
Natural flavour on its own is not a health risk. It does play a role, however, in helping these processed foods to taste fresh and nutritious, even when they are not. So, while the natural flavour
